I was sitting in my study this afternoon, fielding calls, writing emails and other correspondance and perusing the Google Alerts I have in place for interesting topics. I came across an interesting article from The New York Times Health Section, dated 12/09/08 (you see, there are some uses for the NYT other than lining bird cages and wrapping fish) that reminded me of the many times I faced similar diagnostic dilemmas in my years of practice. 
 
The gist of the article was that, in the quest for better and ever more sensitive noninvasive methods of diagnosis, like MRI Scans, more and more pathology is being revealed. But, the pathology observed may have nothing to do with the patient’s symptoms. 
 
This leads to a number of unnecessary surgical procedures, as doctors try to treat the pathology revealed by the scan, even if that was not the actual cause of the patient’s pain. This is the paradox of the nonsurgical study–it may result in MORE surgery, not less.
 
A good example is the common finding of a torn meniscus, inside the knee, revealed by an MRI Scan. It’s now well known that many middle aged and elderly people are walking around with torn menisci, without any resulting pain or other symptoms. So they really don’t need surgery, just because they have a torn meniscus, UNLESS they also have very specific mechanical findings or very specific pain, localized to the area where there is an identified torn meniscus. And yet, that is exactly what was happening, until recently.
 
I always got an MRI if my patient had persistent pain that failed to respond to conservative treatments, like those I describe in my newest healing program, HOW TO AVOID KNEE SURGERY, which you can see at  http://drbillsclinic.com/avoid_knee_surgery.html
But they only came to arthroscopic surgery if they had identified pathology AND specific symptoms and signs, consistent with the observed pathology.
 
I remember once, when I was much younger, I had a young man who had very specific joint line pain. He failed to get better with all the conservative treatments I prescribed–medications, local heat, physical therapy, the works. So, we got an MRI Scan. WOW! He apparently had an enormous tear of the posterior horn of his medial meniscus. Lit up like a Christmas tree! So obvious, even a lay person could see it from across the room.

Now, in a young person, job #1 is to preserve the articular cartilage at all costs: in other words, prevent arthritis, which is what happens if an untreated, unstable torn meniscus is allowed to remain, without treatment. So, with this as our goal, the patient, his parents and I were all of one mind: this kid needed surgery, pronto!
 
With all best intentions, I scoped the kid, expecting to see and repair or remove this enormous tear. Only…there WASN’T ANY TEAR. I looked and probed everywhere.  Nope.  Nada.  Well, I wasn’t about to fix what wasn’t broken, so I shaved away some inflamed synovium at the medial (inner) joint line, and got out.
 
He had what we call a “false positive” MRI Scan, a diagnostic image that appears for all the world to be a bona fide meniscus tear, only the tear doesn’t really exist. Imagine my embarrassment when I had to tell the family that I didn’t find the expected pathology, other than the inflamed synovitis (swollen, reddened lining membrane of the joint, which can get caught between the moving bones, just like a torn meniscus).  

The family was very grateful that he didn’t have a tear and all turned out well, because the patient’s preop pain was relieved, probably because I cut away that inflamed membranous tissue. But you could very easily argue that this was a completely unnecessary surgery–I was chasing the chimera of a false finding on a scan. It taught me a lesson, that’s for sure.
 
The fact is, MRI Scans are, at best, only 90-95% accurate on the medial (inner) compartment of the knee joint. This drops to only 60-70% accuracy on the outer or lateral compartment of the knee, because of the more complex anatomy of the lateral meniscus. Bottom line: MRI Scans and other diagnostic tests are NOT 100% accurate. They are just one part of the puzzle and have to be interpreted, based on the physical findings and a patient’s response to treatment. 
 
There are lots of reasons for knee pain. You can learn more about them, in layman’s English, in my best selling LITTLE GREEN BOOK FOR ELIMINATING KNEE PAIN (see here at http://drbillsclinic.com/eliminate_knee_pain.html )
 
Many, if not most of them, can be treated with effective nonsurgical treatments, including alternative and complementary methods. The trick is knowing when surgery is really warranted–and when it’s NOT. That’s why I wrote HOW TO AVOID KNEE SURGERY, which you can see here http://drbillsclinic.com/avoid_knee_surgery.html
 
Remember, the very best surgery is the one you avoid. Til next time, my friend, be well. 
 
Yours for a pain-free tomorrow,
 
Dr. Bill

P.S. For DR. BILL’S LITTLE GREEN BOOK ON ELIMINATING KNEE PAIN, a concise, but complete handbook on the root causes and the various options for treating knee pain, go to http://drbillsclinic.com/eliminate_knee_pain.html
 
P.P.S. For DR. BILL’S PAIN-FREE PROGRAM: EXERCISES TO PREVENT OR ELIMINATE KNEE PAIN, please go to
 http://drbillsclinic.com/exercise_eliminate.html
 
P.P.P.S. For the giant, comprehensive ADVANCED MASTERS’ COURSE: HOW TO ELIMINATE KNEE PAIN–ONCE & FOR ALL!, everything you need to know on causes and solutions for knee pain and the complete exercise program, too, go to
 http://drbillsclinic.com/advanced_masters.html
 
FREE BONUS CD with any order: THE HEALING POWER OF POSITIVE PAIN PERCEPTION

Copyright, 2008 by William Thomas Stillwell, MD
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